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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Myocarditis III: Medical Management01:14

Myocarditis III: Medical Management

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Myocarditis: Comprehensive Medical ManagementMyocarditis, the heart muscle inflammation, requires a comprehensive medical management strategy that addresses the underlying cause, provides supportive care, manages symptoms, and reduces cardiac workload.Infections and Autoimmune CausesAdminister appropriate antimicrobial therapy when an infectious agent causes myocarditis. For instance, penicillin treats infections caused by Group A Streptococcus. In cases where autoimmune processes are...
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Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

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Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
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Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

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Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
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Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

655
Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Impaired Treg Response and Subclinical Cardiac Dysfunction in Children Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

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Children recovering from mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) showed silent heart issues. Immune system changes, including reduced regulatory T cells and inflammation, were linked to these cardiac contractility alterations 3 months after infection.

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cardiac contractility alterationschildrenimmune profilepost-COVIDspeckle-tracking echocardiography

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can affect multiple organ systems.
  • Subclinical cardiac involvement post-COVID-19 requires further investigation, especially in pediatric populations.
  • Immune dysregulation is a potential sequela of viral infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate subclinical cardiac alterations in children recovering from asymptomatic or mild COVID-19.
  • To explore the association between cardiac contractility changes and immune markers post-COVID-19.
  • To identify potential immune-related mechanisms contributing to silent cardiac dysfunction after COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Preliminary cohort study of children with a history of asymptomatic or mild COVID-19.
  • Assessment of cardiac contractility.
  • Measurement of regulatory T cell counts.
  • Telomere length analysis.
  • Evaluation of inflammatory markers.

Main Results:

  • Subclinical cardiac contractility alterations were observed 3 months post-infection.
  • Reduced regulatory T cells were associated with cardiac changes.
  • Shorter telomeres and elevated inflammatory markers were also linked to cardiac alterations.
  • These findings were noted in children with asymptomatic or mild COVID-19.

Conclusions:

  • Immune dysregulation may play a role in silent cardiac dysfunction following COVID-19 in children.
  • Subclinical cardiac alterations warrant further investigation in larger cohorts.
  • Long-term follow-up studies are needed to confirm these preliminary findings and understand the long-term cardiac implications of COVID-19 in children.