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Related Experiment Video

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Livestock Integration Into Cropping Systems Enhances Their Climate Change Resistance and Mitigation While Reducing

Mathieu Delandmeter1,2, Bruno Basso2,3, Xavier Fettweis4

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Integrated crop-livestock systems (ICLS) offer greater stability and environmental benefits for sustainable agriculture compared to business-as-usual (BAU) and vegan farming. These circular farming approaches show resilience to climate change, enhancing ecosystem services.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Ecosystem Services
  • Climate Change Adaptation

Background:

  • Cropping system sustainability is intrinsically linked to circularity, involving the management of resource cycles like carbon and nitrogen.
  • Strategies for managing crop residues, byproducts, and other inputs are crucial for closing these resource loops.
  • Investigating different farming systems (business-as-usual, vegan, integrated crop-livestock) reveals varying impacts on sustainability and resource cycling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the impacts of three distinct crop rotation systems on ecosystem services under climate change.
  • To evaluate the role of livestock integration and crop residue management in system circularity and environmental performance.
  • To assess the resilience and stability of different agricultural systems against extreme weather events.

Main Methods:

  • A validated crop model was employed to simulate impacts across 541,800 ha in Belgium.
  • Ten distinct climate change scenarios were utilized to project system performance over 24 years.
  • Comparative analysis of business-as-usual (BAU), vegan, and integrated crop-livestock systems (ICLS) was conducted.

Main Results:

  • All investigated circularity scenarios are net greenhouse gas (GHG) emitters, with emissions intensifying under climate change.
  • The BAU system exhibited high productivity but also high variability and greater environmental impacts (e.g., GHG emissions).
  • ICLS demonstrated intermediate productivity but offered superior stability and resistance to extreme weather, alongside better environmental performance (reduced GHG emissions, nitrate leaching, and increased soil carbon sequestration).

Conclusions:

  • Integrated crop-livestock systems (ICLS) provide significant benefits for climate change adaptation and mitigation due to enhanced stability and reduced environmental footprint.
  • Farm-level circularity, soil-crop feedbacks, human diet, and climate change are critically interconnected.
  • Transitioning towards more circular and integrated farming systems is essential for enhancing agricultural resilience and sustainability.