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Elastic collision of a system demands conservation of both momentum and kinetic energy. To solve problems involving one-dimensional elastic collisions between two objects, the equations for conservation of momentum and conservation of internal kinetic energy can be used. For the two objects, the sum of momentum before the collision equals the total momentum after the collision. An elastic collision conserves internal kinetic energy, and so the sum of kinetic energies before the collision equals...
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Reconstructing Real-World Vehicle Side-Impact Accidents to Computationally Investigate Far-Side Occupant Injury Risk.

Sha Deng1, Ke Peng2,3, Jing Zhang4

  • 1School of Economics and Management, Hunan Open University, Changsha 410004, China.

Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Far-side occupants in side-impact crashes face significant injury risks. New research using simulations reveals high risks of traumatic brain and soft tissue chest injuries, highlighting the need for improved safety designs.

Keywords:
biofidelic modelingbiomimeticschest injuryfar-side occupantfinite element modelhead injuryside-impact collision accident

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Computational Injury Analysis
  • Vehicle Safety Engineering

Background:

  • Far-side occupants in side-impact collisions are at high risk of severe injury, yet research remains limited.
  • Understanding occupant kinematics and injury mechanisms in these scenarios is critical for improving automotive safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the injury risk to far-side occupants in side-impact collisions using computational modeling.
  • To analyze the influence of vehicle motion parameters on occupant head and chest injuries.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of traditional injury metrics versus advanced analyses for far-side occupants.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 40 real-world side collision cases for kinematic reconstruction.
  • Employed simplified finite element (FE) vehicle and biofidelic human body models.
  • Simulated dynamic boundary conditions to assess head and chest injury parameters (HIC15, BrIC, rib strain, VC, internal organ strain).

Main Results:

  • Head injury criterion (HIC15) indicated low risk, but BrIC revealed significant traumatic brain injury risk due to head rotation.
  • Rib fracture risk was low, but chest viscosity criterion (VC) and organ strain suggested high risk of soft tissue injury.
  • Vehicle motion, particularly rotation, significantly impacts far-side occupant injury risk.

Conclusions:

  • Traditional injury metrics may not fully capture the complex biomechanical responses of occupants in side-impacts.
  • Far-side occupant protection requires specific attention to rotational forces and soft tissue injuries.
  • Findings can inform the development of advanced, biomimetic safety systems for enhanced side-impact protection.