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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Cancer Therapies02:49

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Establishing Dual Resistance to EGFR-TKI and MET-TKI in Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells In Vitro with a 2-step Dose-escalation Procedure
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Overcoming Immunotherapy Resistance in Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Matteo Canale1, Fabrizia Suzzi1, Alberto Verlicchi2

  • 1Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", 47014 Meldola, Italy.

Biology
|February 26, 2026
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Summary

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains lethal despite immunotherapy. Research is exploring new strategies like antibody-drug conjugates and cell therapies to overcome resistance and improve patient survival.

Keywords:
adoptive cell therapiesantibody–drug conjugatesbispecific antibodiesimmunotherapyresistance mechanismssmall-cell lung cancer

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Semi-automatic PD-L1 Characterization and Enumeration of Circulating Tumor Cells from Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients by Immunofluorescence
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunotherapy
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis.
  • Current treatments, including chemotherapy and immunotherapy, offer limited clinical benefit due to resistance.
  • Understanding resistance mechanisms is crucial for improving SCLC patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the challenges and resistance mechanisms limiting immunotherapy efficacy in SCLC.
  • To discuss current and emerging strategies for overcoming immunotherapy resistance in SCLC.
  • To highlight novel therapeutic approaches being investigated for SCLC treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of published and ongoing clinical trials.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to primary and acquired resistance to immunotherapy.
  • Discussion of novel therapeutic modalities and combination strategies.

Main Results:

  • Immunotherapy efficacy in SCLC is hampered by tumor heterogeneity, immunosuppressive microenvironment, and intrinsic disease characteristics.
  • Several strategies are under investigation to overcome resistance, including antibody-drug conjugates, bi-specific antibodies, and adoptive cell therapies.
  • Combination strategies show promise in enhancing therapeutic responses.

Conclusions:

  • Overcoming immunotherapy resistance is essential for improving survival in SCLC patients.
  • Novel therapeutic approaches and combination strategies represent promising avenues for future SCLC treatment.
  • Continued research into resistance mechanisms will guide the development of more effective SCLC therapies.