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Field Effect Transistor

Field Effect Transistor

Field-effect transistors (FETs) are integral to electronic circuits and distinguished by their three-terminal setup: the gate, drain, and source. These transistors operate as unipolar devices, which utilize either electrons or holes as charge carriers, in contrast to bipolar transistors, which use both types of carriers. The primary function of the FET is to modulate the flow of these carriers from the source to the drain through a channel. The voltage difference between the gate and source...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Exploring Biomolecular Interaction Between the Molecular Chaperone Hsp90 and Its Client Protein Kinase Cdc37 using Field-Effect Biosensing Technology

Exploring Biomolecular Interaction Between the Molecular Chaperone Hsp90 and Its Client Protein Kinase Cdc37 using Field-Effect Biosensing Technology

Published on: March 31, 2022

Nucleic Acid-Based Field-Effect Transistor Biosensors.

Haoyu Fan¹, Dekai Ye^1,2, Xiuli Gao³

¹Institute of Materiobiology, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.

|February 26, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Nucleic acid-based field-effect transistor (NA-FET) biosensors offer highly sensitive, label-free detection for disease diagnosis and environmental monitoring. Advances in materials and probe design are expanding their applications and paving the way for real-world use.

Keywords:

biomarkers biosensor field-effect transistor framework nucleic acid nucleic acid probe

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Area of Science:

Biosensing technologies
Nanomaterials and nanotechnology
Molecular diagnostics

Background:

Increasing demand for rapid, sensitive detection in diagnostics and environmental monitoring.
Field-effect transistor (FET) sensors offer high sensitivity, label-free, and rapid detection capabilities.
Nucleic acid-based FET (NA-FET) biosensors leverage advancements in nucleic acid probes and interfacial engineering.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent progress in nucleic acid-based field-effect transistor (NA-FET) biosensors.
To highlight key design strategies and performance improvements in NA-FET technology.
To discuss challenges and future prospects for NA-FET biosensors in practical applications.

Main Methods:

Integration of nucleic acid aptamers and framework nucleic acids for expanded analyte detection and multiplexing.
Utilizing advanced semiconductor materials for efficient signal transduction and diverse device architectures.
Development of portable, wearable, and implantable NA-FET devices.

Main Results:

NA-FET biosensors demonstrate potential for detecting clinically and environmentally relevant molecular biomarkers at low concentrations.
Successful proof-of-concept demonstrations across various applications.
Advancements enable highly efficient signal transduction and diverse device designs.

Conclusions:

NA-FET biosensors are rapidly evolving with significant potential for sensitive, label-free detection.
Integration into various device formats supports future real-world applications.
Continued research in design, materials, and applications will drive NA-FET biosensor development.