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Experimental evolution in communities: beyond pairwise interactions.

Vincent Montbel1,2, Jan Hrcek1,2

  • 1University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.

Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
|February 26, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Experimental evolution in communities reveals how ecological context shapes adaptation. This approach, expanding beyond simple systems, offers insights into complex interactions and evolutionary trajectories in natural settings.

Keywords:
community ecologyeco-evolutionary dynamicsexperimental evolutionrapid adaptation

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Community Ecology

Background:

  • Experimental evolution traditionally focuses on single or two-species systems.
  • Recent advancements extend experimental evolution to complex community settings.
  • Natural communities involve indirect effects, higher-order interactions, and multidimensional selection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize the emerging field of experimental evolution in communities.
  • To demonstrate how community context reshapes selection and evolutionary trajectories.
  • To identify gaps and future directions for research in community experimental evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature survey of multi-species, multi-generation experimental evolution studies.
  • Analysis of 100 identified studies, noting a recent increase in research.
  • Discussion of community ecology concepts and relevant experimental designs.

Main Results:

  • Experimental evolution in communities is a growing field, with 100 studies identified.
  • Most current research is biased towards microbial systems and competitive interactions.
  • Community context significantly alters selection and evolutionary paths compared to simpler designs.

Conclusions:

  • Experimental evolution in communities provides a powerful framework for understanding adaptation and coevolution.
  • Key research areas include indirect/higher-order interactions, eco-evolutionary feedbacks, and genetic constraints.
  • Increasing ecological realism through field experiments and addressing interaction networks is crucial for future research.