Gendered Racial Socialization Scale for Asian American women: Initial development and validation

Asian American women receive unique socialization messages about their race and gender, also known as gendered racial socialization (Ahn et al., 2022). Using an intersectional approach, we developed and validated the Gendered Racial Socialization Scale for Asian American Women.

Our sample included 737 Asian American women who completed an online survey.

Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses suggested a seven-factor scale: filial piety socialization, preparation for bias and empowerment, beauty ideals, racialized dating socialization, traditional gender role socialization, disengagement with discrimination, and purity socialization. Convergent validity was demonstrated through associations with gender and racial socialization. Discriminant validity was established through weak or nonsignificant correlations with impression management. Most subscales were associated with self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and body shame, demonstrating criterion validity.

Findings indicate that this scale can be used for researchers, clinicians, and families to better understand the gendered racial messages that Asian American women receive while growing up and their impact on psychological well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).