Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Aldehydes and Ketones01:29

IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Aldehydes and Ketones

7.5K
Infrared spectroscopy, also known as vibrational spectroscopy, is mainly used to determine the types of bonds and functional groups in molecules. In aldehydes and ketones, the carbonyl (C=O) bond shows an absorption around 1710 cm-1. The C=O bond vibration of an aldehyde occurs at lower frequencies than that of a ketone. In addition to the C=O absorption in an aldehyde, the aldehydic C–H bond also gives two peaks in the 2700–2800 cm-1 range. This absorption, coupled with the...
7.5K
IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

2.1K
IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...
2.1K
IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

5.1K
When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
5.1K
IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations01:08

IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations

1.9K
Identical bonds within a polyatomic group can stretch symmetrically (in-phase) or asymmetrically (out-of-phase). Similar to hydrogen bonding, these vibrations also influence the shape of the IR peak. Generally, asymmetric stretching frequencies are higher than symmetric stretching frequencies. For example, primary amines exhibit two distinct IR peaks between 3300–3500 cm−1 corresponding to the symmetric and asymmetric N-H stretching, while secondary amines exhibit a single...
1.9K
NMR Spectroscopy of Aromatic Compounds01:14

NMR Spectroscopy of Aromatic Compounds

6.5K
Aromatic compounds can be identified or analyzed using proton NMR and carbon‐13 NMR. Typically, aromatic hydrogens or hydrogens directly bonded to the aromatic rings are strongly deshielded by the aromatic ring current. Therefore, they absorb in the range of 6.5–8.0 ppm in proton NMR spectra. For instance, aromatic hydrogens directly bonded to the benzene ring absorb at 7.3 ppm. However, aromatic hydrogens of larger rings absorb farther upfield or downfield than the ideal range.
6.5K
IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration01:16

IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration

3.2K
A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
According to Hooke's law, the vibrational frequency is directly proportional to...
3.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A new family of hollow Au<sub>60</sub> cages: topological diversity and connectivity-driven stability.

Nanoscale·2026
Same author

CO oxidation on bimetallic Re-Pt clusters: unraveling the role of oxygen coverage.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2025
Same author

Metal-ligand interface effect in the chirality transfer from l- and d-glutathione to gold, silver and copper nanoparticles.

Nanoscale advances·2025
Same author

O<sub>2</sub> activation by subnanometer Re-Pt clusters supported on TiO<sub>2</sub>(110): exploring adsorption sites.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2024
Same author

A chiral metal cluster triggers enantiospecific electronic transport.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2024
Same author

On the forbidden graphene's ZO (out-of-plane optic) phononic band-analog vibrational modes in fullerenes.

Communications chemistry·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Real-time In Vitro Monitoring of Odorant Receptor Activation by an Odorant in the Vapor Phase
09:53

Real-time In Vitro Monitoring of Odorant Receptor Activation by an Odorant in the Vapor Phase

Published on: April 23, 2019

7.5K

A comparative analysis of vibrational spectra for odorant classification.

Andrés Álvarez-García1, Georgina Rodríguez-Contreras2, Penélope Rodríguez-Zamora2

  • 1Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico.

Plos One
|February 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Flower scent molecules can be classified by their vibrational spectra. Infrared spectroscopy effectively distinguished odors like garlic and sweetness, suggesting vibrational modes are key to olfactory categorization.

More Related Videos

Identification of Olfactory Volatiles using Gas Chromatography-Multi-unit Recordings GCMR in the Insect Antennal Lobe
09:49

Identification of Olfactory Volatiles using Gas Chromatography-Multi-unit Recordings GCMR in the Insect Antennal Lobe

Published on: February 24, 2013

14.8K
Sampling and Analysis of Animal Scent Signals
14:59

Sampling and Analysis of Animal Scent Signals

Published on: February 13, 2021

5.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Real-time In Vitro Monitoring of Odorant Receptor Activation by an Odorant in the Vapor Phase
09:53

Real-time In Vitro Monitoring of Odorant Receptor Activation by an Odorant in the Vapor Phase

Published on: April 23, 2019

7.5K
Identification of Olfactory Volatiles using Gas Chromatography-Multi-unit Recordings GCMR in the Insect Antennal Lobe
09:49

Identification of Olfactory Volatiles using Gas Chromatography-Multi-unit Recordings GCMR in the Insect Antennal Lobe

Published on: February 24, 2013

14.8K
Sampling and Analysis of Animal Scent Signals
14:59

Sampling and Analysis of Animal Scent Signals

Published on: February 13, 2021

5.3K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Spectroscopy
  • Cheminformatics
  • Olfactory Science

Background:

  • Flower scents have significant biological and industrial applications.
  • Physicochemical properties of odorants, particularly vibrational spectra in the fingerprint region, reveal molecular characteristics.
  • Understanding scent molecules aids in olfactory categorization and application development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To calculate and analyze vibrational spectra of compounds from Orchidaceae and Apocynaceae flower families.
  • To classify scent molecules using spectral clustering based on vibrational spectra.
  • To identify key vibrational modes contributing to odor discrimination.

Main Methods:

  • Calculation of vibrational spectra for floral compounds.
  • Application of a spectral clustering algorithm for molecule classification.
  • Analysis of representative vibrational modes and correlation with odor characteristics.
  • Comparison of Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and vibrational density of states (VDOS) for classification accuracy.

Main Results:

  • Spectral clustering effectively grouped molecules with distinct odors (e.g., garlic, decay, sweetness).
  • Compounds with heteroatoms (N, S) or conjugated systems were associated with specific odor clusters.
  • Infrared spectroscopy provided superior odor classification compared to Raman spectroscopy and VDOS.
  • Specific vibrational modes linked to functional groups were identified as crucial for odor discrimination.

Conclusions:

  • Vibrational spectra, particularly from infrared spectroscopy, contain odor-relevant information.
  • Spectral clustering is a viable method for olfactory categorization of molecules.
  • Specific vibrational modes play a significant role in how we perceive and differentiate floral scents.