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Related Concept Videos

Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

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A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
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Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins01:39

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Mitochondrial precursors are partially unfolded or loosely folded polypeptide chains. Newly synthesized precursors are inhibited from spontaneously folding into their native conformation by the cytosolic chaperones, heat shock proteins 70 (Hsp70), and mitochondrial import stimulation factors (MSFs). Precursors bound to MSFs are guided to the TOM70-TOM37 receptors, while precursors bound to Hsp70  chaperones are targetted to TOM20-TOM22 receptor complexes.
Most of the mitochondrial...
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The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane01:28

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The inner mitochondrial membrane is the primary site of ATP synthesis. The inner membrane domain that forms a smooth layer adjacent to the outer membrane is called the inner boundary membrane. This domain contains membrane transporters that drive metabolites in and out of the mitochondria.  In contrast, the inner membrane network that invaginates into the matrix space is called the cristae membrane. This domain accounts for principle mitochondrial function as it accommodates the protein...
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Animal Mitochondrial Genetics02:59

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Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
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Mitochondrial Protein Sorting01:39

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Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles of the eukaryotes involved in cellular metabolism, signaling, ATP synthesis, and programmed cell death.  Each of these processes requires specific proteins and enzymes that must be correctly sorted to the right mitochondrial subcompartment for the proper functioning of the organelle.
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Identification of Circular RNAs using RNA Sequencing
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Identification of Circular RNAs using RNA Sequencing

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Aging-associated mitochondrial circular RNAs.

Hyejin Mun1, Do-Won Ham2, Nam Chul Kim2

  • 1Department of Oncology Science, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.

Aging
|February 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Circular MT-RNR2 RNA is depleted during aging and senescence. This mitochondrial RNA may regulate glucose metabolism via the TCA cycle, impacting cellular health.

Keywords:
GRSF1MT-RNR2TCA cycleagingcircular RNA

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Area of Science:

  • Mitochondrial biology
  • RNA biology
  • Aging research

Background:

  • Noncoding RNAs change during mammalian aging.
  • Mitochondrial circular RNAs are poorly understood.
  • Global transcriptome and epitranscriptome changes during aging are known.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Profile mitochondrial circular RNAs in young and old human cohorts.
  • Investigate the function of mitochondrial circular RNAs, specifically MT-RNR2.
  • Explore the role of GRSF1 in regulating mitochondrial circular RNAs and cellular senescence.

Main Methods:

  • Profiling of circular RNAs from mitochondrial chromosome (chrM) in young and old cohorts.
  • RNA-binding analysis of GRSF1 with mitochondrial transcripts (linear and circular MT-RNR2).
  • Assessing the impact of GRSF1 depletion on circMT-RNR2 levels, TCA cycle enzymes, and cellular senescence in human fibroblasts.

Main Results:

  • The most abundant mitochondrial circular RNA junctions were found in MT-RNR2.
  • MT-RNR2 levels were depleted in older individuals and senescent fibroblasts.
  • GRSF1 binds to both linear and circular MT-RNR2 and its depletion accelerated senescence and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Circular MT-RNR2 exists and its levels decrease during human aging and senescence.
  • Circular MT-RNR2 may play a role in promoting the TCA cycle.
  • Mitochondrial circular RNAs, like circMT-RNR2, are potentially involved in regulating cellular metabolism and aging.