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Ethics and Bioethics01:22

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Ethical dilemmas in nursing are of utmost importance, as they often arise from the tension between adhering to core ethical principles and the practical realities of healthcare delivery. These dilemmas require nurses to navigate complex situations where competing ethical considerations pull them in different directions.
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Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care
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Value-freedom & patient autonomy.

Anke Bueter1, Thor Hennelund Nielsen1, Somogy Varga1

  • 1Aarhus University, Department of Philosophy and History of Ideas, Denmark.

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science
|February 26, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Disease concepts in medicine can be value-laden, not value-free. This study argues that patient autonomy is compatible with value-laden disease concepts when managed responsibly, challenging the naturalism view.

Keywords:
AutonomyInformed consentNaturalismNormativismValue-free idealValue-management

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Area of Science:

  • Philosophy of Medicine
  • Bioethics

Background:

  • A central debate in the philosophy of medicine concerns whether disease concepts are inherently value-free (naturalism) or value-laden (normativism).
  • This debate has significant implications for patient autonomy and the shift from paternalistic medical practices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To challenge the naturalist argument that value-freedom in disease concepts is essential for protecting patient autonomy.
  • To demonstrate that patient autonomy can be upheld even when disease concepts incorporate values.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of prominent theories of personal autonomy to determine their requirements regarding normative judgments.
  • Drawing parallels from discussions on values in scientific practice.
  • Distilling strategies for responsible management of non-epistemic values.

Main Results:

  • Prominent theories of personal autonomy do not necessitate value-freedom but rather a responsible engagement with normative judgments.
  • Three strategies for managing non-epistemic values responsibly were identified: transparency, value diversity, and appropriate value prioritization.
  • These strategies can be applied in medicine to align value-ladenness with patient autonomy.

Conclusions:

  • Patient autonomy does not require disease concepts to be value-free.
  • Value-laden disease concepts can be compatible with patient autonomy when managed through strategies like transparency, value diversity, and appropriate prioritization.