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This study demonstrates high-fidelity magic state preparation for fault-tolerant quantum computation using surface codes on IBM quantum processors. This advances the realization of non-Clifford logical gates essential for universal quantum computers.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum computing
  • Fault-tolerant quantum computation
  • Quantum error correction

Background:

  • Surface codes are a leading approach for fault-tolerant quantum computation.
  • Universal fault-tolerance requires non-Clifford operations and magic states, posing experimental challenges.
  • Efficiently embedding surface codes onto hardware with connectivity constraints is difficult.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address challenges in implementing non-Clifford gates and embedding surface codes.
  • To demonstrate high-fidelity magic state preparation on IBM quantum processors.
  • To improve error thresholds for surface codes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a qubit-efficient rotated heavy-hexagonal surface code for IBM quantum processors (ibm_fez).
  • Implemented the magic state injection protocol for non-Clifford operations.
  • Employed post-selection for preparing logical magic states.

Main Results:

  • Achieved higher error thresholds for logical bit-flip ([Formula: see text]) and phase-flip ([Formula: see text]) errors compared to traditional embedding.
  • Prepared logical magic states ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) with fidelities ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) above the magic state distillation threshold.
  • Reported a minimum fidelity of [Formula: see text] for injected arbitrary single logical qubit states.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated the potential for realizing non-Clifford logical gates through high-fidelity magic state preparation.
  • The developed methods show promise for advancing fault-tolerant quantum computing on current quantum hardware.
  • The findings contribute to overcoming key obstacles in building universal quantum computers.