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Author Spotlight: Exploring Olfactory Influences on Corticospinal Excitability - Insights and Innovations in Neurological Research

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Mapping the ECC-Saliva Neuroimmune Axis Using AI: A System-Level Framework.

Ahmed Alamoudi¹, Hammam Ahmed Bahammam²

¹Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah P.O. Box 80209, Saudi Arabia.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)

|February 27, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study maps early childhood caries (ECC) and saliva research using AI, revealing key themes like microbiome and fluoride, alongside emerging antioxidant and neuroimmune topics. Future research should explore these novel salivary axes.

Keywords:

Candida–cytokine–neuro hypothesis biomarkers early childhood caries (ECC)neuro-immune signalling

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Area of Science:

Oral Health Research
Bioinformatics
Immunology

Background:

Early childhood caries (ECC) research spans multiple domains like microbiome, fluoride, and neuroendocrinology.
The interconnectedness of ECC and saliva research has not been systematically mapped using natural language processing (NLP).

Purpose of the Study:

To identify major themes, emerging topics, and potential neuroimmune axes in ECC-saliva research by analyzing PubMed literature.
To create a bibliometric map of ECC-saliva research using AI-assisted topic modeling and network analysis.

Main Methods:

Retrieved 298 PubMed records (2000-2025) for ECC and saliva.
Employed NLP techniques including BERTopic for topic modeling and Prophet for temporal trend analysis.
Generated a synthetic neuroimmune salivary dataset for illustrative purposes.

Main Results:

Identified seven ECC-saliva topics, including microbiome, fluoride, antioxidant/redox, proteomic, peptide immunity, and Candida-biofilm themes.
Highlighted high-novelty topics related to antioxidant capacity and peptide-based host defense, with central processes in reactive oxygen species detoxification.
Forecasting indicated increasing research focus on antioxidant and peptide-immunity themes, with a potential Candida-cytokine-neuroendocrine link.

Conclusions:

AI-driven analysis provides a map of ECC-saliva research, emphasizing under-explored antioxidant/redox and neuroimmune salivary axes.
The study proposes a structured agenda for future ECC research, focusing on novel mechanisms and salivary components.