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Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

A Preterm Rat Model for Pain Studies
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Pain, Opioids, and Functional Connectivity in Preterm Infants.

Caterina Coviello1, Lorenzo Frassineti2, Camilla Fazi1

  • 1Division of Neonatology, Careggi University Hospital of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pain and opioid exposure in preterm infants can alter brain activity, impacting neurodevelopmental outcomes. Quantitative electroencephalography (EEG) measures may help predict these outcomes at 24 months corrected age.

Keywords:
BAYLEY-IIIEEGfunctional connectivitypain

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Neuroscience
  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Clinical Neurophysiology

Background:

  • Preterm infants experience significant pain and procedural burden.
  • Neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants remain a critical concern.
  • Electroencephalography (EEG) offers a non-invasive window into brain function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the effects of pain exposure on EEG features at term equivalent age (TEA).
  • To determine if EEG analysis can predict neurodevelopmental outcomes at 24 months corrected age.

Main Methods:

  • Studied infants born < 32 weeks gestational age without major brain injury.
  • Collected data on pain exposure (procedures, opioids) and performed 8-channel EEG at TEA.
  • Analyzed Brain Symmetry Index (BSI) and Circular Omega Complexity (COC) using multivariate statistics.

Main Results:

  • Higher pain exposure correlated with increased BSI and decreased COC values (p < 0.05).
  • Opioids like fentanyl and morphine significantly altered BSI and COC across various frequency bands (p < 0.05).
  • Delta wave COC positively predicted cognitive outcomes (p = 0.034).

Conclusions:

  • Pain and opioid administration may impact brain dynamics in preterm infants.
  • Multivariate EEG indices show potential for characterizing neurodevelopmental outcomes.
  • Quantitative EEG analysis could aid in early identification of at-risk infants.