Physiologically Guided Modeling for EEG Multichannel Signals

Electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings often exhibit strong interchannel correlations due to scalp potentials reflecting electric fields generated by localized neural sources commonly modeled as current dipoles. Despite this physiological basis, many widely used approaches (e.g., independent component analysis) are largely data-driven, may require many components, and offer limited interpretability and limited support for assessing physiological assumptions. We propose a physiologically guided multichannel model built on a parametric Frequency-Modulated Möbius (FMM) formulation, where each electrode signal is expressed as a linear combination of a small number of latent dipole-related sources with parametrically described trajectories. The resulting framework captures temporal and spatial structure with high accuracy and enables likelihood-based testing of the fixed dipole-orientation assumption through a reduced-rank formulation. Using publicly available EEG data, we illustrate that the proposed approach explains interchannel dependence with few latent sources and provides statistical evidence regarding the plausibility of fixed orientation.