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Cumulative Error in Digital Workflows for Full-Arch Implant Rehabilitation: A Narrative Review
Hao-Ting Chen1, Sheng-Wei Feng1, Thi Thuy Tien Vo2
1School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 27, 2026
Summary
Digital full-arch implant rehabilitation errors cascade, magnifying over time. A new Error Control Framework emphasizes upstream standardization and verification to improve outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Dentistry
- Digital Workflow Analysis
- Implant Rehabilitation
Background:
- Digital technologies are widely used in implant dentistry.
- A comprehensive synthesis of error propagation in full-arch implant rehabilitation workflows is lacking.
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize evidence on cumulative error propagation in the digital workflow of full-arch implant rehabilitation.
- To propose an "Error Control Framework" for managing cumulative errors.
Main Methods:
- Narrative review of literature from 2015-2025.
- Analysis of error generation across five workflow phases: Planning, Acquisition, Processing, Output, and Feedback.
- Development of a conceptual "Error Control Framework".
Main Results:
- Inaccuracies in full-arch implant rehabilitation function as a cascading system, not isolated events.
- Early-stage errors establish a baseline that is amplified during digital processing and manufacturing.
- Reactive verification at delivery is insufficient to correct cumulative errors.
Conclusions:
- A proactive "Error Control Framework" is proposed, integrating "Front-End Loading" and "Critical Control Points".
- Standardization of scanning strategies and scan-body geometry is crucial.
- Mandatory physical verification before final manufacturing is recommended to improve passive fit and long-term outcomes.
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