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When Intuition Meets the Algorithm: Medico-Legal Implications of Artificial Intelligence-Driven Decision-Making in
Giuseppe Basile1,2, Vittorio Bolcato3,4, Giulia Bambagiotti1
1Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, University "Politecnica delle Marche" of Ancona, 60124 Ancona, Italy.
Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 27, 2026
Summary
Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming orthopedic surgery by aiding clinical decisions. This shift impacts healthcare liability, requiring a re-evaluation of responsibilities among patients, professionals, and technology providers.
Area of Science:
- Biomedicine
- Medical Technology
- Healthcare Law
Background:
- Orthopedic surgery traditionally relies on surgeon expertise.
- Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into clinical decision-making.
- AI introduces predictive and analytical support, altering traditional surgical practices.
Purpose of the Study:
- To discuss AI applications in orthopedic surgery.
- To analyze the medico-legal implications of AI in healthcare.
- To explore the impact of AI on professional liability and stakeholder responsibilities.
Main Methods:
- Narrative discussion of AI applications in orthopedics.
- Focus on patient risk stratification, surgical indication, and prosthesis positioning.
- Analysis of healthcare liability frameworks in the context of AI.
Main Results:
- AI reshapes clinical decision-making in orthopedics.
- AI integration redefines human error and the human-technology relationship.
- Existing healthcare liability frameworks are significantly affected by AI adoption.
Conclusions:
- AI necessitates a re-evaluation of responsibilities for all stakeholders.
- Balancing innovation, evidence-based practice, and accountability is crucial.
- A comprehensive medico-legal perspective is needed for AI in high-risk biomedical fields.
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