Photoprotection for Skin Cancer: What's New

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Oncology
• Preventive Medicine

Background:

• Skin cancer is the most common global malignancy.
• Photoprotection is key, but evidence on non-UV radiation and interventions like sunscreens, supplements, DNA-repair enzymes, and antioxidants is evolving.
• Current research explores diverse strategies beyond traditional UV protection.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review existing evidence on photoprotective strategies.
• To assess their efficacy in preventing actinic keratoses (AK), keratinocyte carcinomas, and melanoma.

Main Methods:

• A narrative literature review was performed using PubMed (2010-2025).
• Search terms included "photoprotection," "sunscreen," "oral photoprotection," "skin cancer," "melanoma," "keratinocyte cancer," "UV radiation," and "non-melanoma skin cancer."
• Articles were selected based on clinical relevance.

Main Results:

• Daily sunscreen use significantly reduces AK and squamous cell carcinoma but shows mixed results for basal cell carcinoma and melanoma.
• Broad-spectrum protection (UVA, visible light) is important; high-energy visible light requires more study.
• DNA-repair enzymes, antioxidants (e.g., Polypodium leucotomos), and nicotinamide show promise in preventing skin damage and cancer.
• Vulnerable groups need customized photoprotection plans.

Conclusions:

• Photoprotection encompasses UV filters, biological ingredients, antioxidants, and oral supplements targeting the full exposome.
• Comprehensive, behavior-based photoprotection programs are vital for high-risk populations.
• Further research is needed on high-energy visible light and tailored strategies for specific groups.