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A Pilot Study Exploring Paraoxonase-1 Tissue Protein Expression and Circulating Levels in Bladder Cancer.

David Parada¹, Alina-Iuliana Onoiu², Simona Iftimie³

¹Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Dr. Josep Laporte 2, 43204 Reus, Spain.

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)

|February 27, 2026

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This summary is machine-generated.

Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) show reduced expression in high-grade bladder tumors. Their combined assessment may help indicate tumor grade and behavior in urothelial carcinoma.

Area of Science:

Oncology
Biochemistry
Molecular Biology

Background:

Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is a liver-derived antioxidant enzyme, with limited data on its expression in human urothelial tissue.
The role of PON1 in bladder cancer is largely unexplored.
Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) is linked to tumor aggressiveness and may interact with stress pathways in tumor progression.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the expression and potential role of PON1 and MTAP in bladder cancer.
To explore the relationship between intratumoral PON1/MTAP expression and tumor grade.
To assess serum PON1 levels and their correlation with tissue expression and tumor characteristics.

Main Methods:

Exploratory study integrating immunohistochemistry, serum biochemistry, and PON1 genotyping.

Keywords:

MTAP PON1 bladder cancer immunohistochemistry methylthioadenosine phosphorylase paraoxonase-1

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Analysis of PON1 and MTAP expression in 39 patients with low-grade (LGUC) and high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC).

Comparison of serum PON1 concentrations and activities between patient groups and controls.

Main Results:

Both PON1 and MTAP demonstrated reduced expression in high-grade tumors, with MTAP showing a more pronounced decrease.
Serum PON1 concentrations and activities were slightly lower in HGUC patients compared to LGUC and controls.
PON1 polymorphisms affected serum enzymatic activity similarly across groups, and genotype frequencies were comparable between patients and controls.

Conclusions:

This study provides initial evidence for intratumoral PON1 expression in bladder cancer.
Combined immunohistochemical assessment of PON1 and MTAP may serve as a potential biomarker for tumor grade and biological behavior.
Further functional studies are required to elucidate the mechanistic and clinical significance of PON1 and MTAP in bladder cancer.