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Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...

Diabetic Nephropathy

Diabetic Nephropathy

Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Evaluation of Capillary and Other Vessel Contribution to Macular Perfusion Density Measured with Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Evaluation of Capillary and Other Vessel Contribution to Macular Perfusion Density Measured with Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Published on: February 18, 2022

An Improved Microaneurysms Detection for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Using YOLO.

Sarni Suhaila Rahim^1,2, Ankur Deo^1,3, Rafia Mumtaz⁴

¹Centre for Computational Science and Mathematical Modelling, Coventry University, Innovation Village 10, Coventry CV1 2TL, UK.

|February 27, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new automated system effectively detects early diabetic retinopathy (DR) indicators like microaneurysms using YOLOv9. This AI approach significantly improves upon traditional methods for timely vision impairment prevention.

Keywords:

YOLO deep learning diabetic retinopathy microaneurysms detection retinal fundus imaging

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Tear-Derived Exosomal miR-15a as New Diagnostic Tool for Diabetic Retinopathy

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Published on: December 30, 2025

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Medical Imaging
Artificial Intelligence

Background:

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss, often stemming from undetected early pathological changes.
Microaneurysms are the earliest detectable biomarkers of DR, signaling retinal abnormalities.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a novel automated screening system for DR.
To prioritize the detection of early indicators like microaneurysms.

Main Methods:

Integration of advanced image processing techniques.
Utilisation of the circular Hough transform and the YOLOv9 model for microaneurysm localisation and detection in fundus images.

Main Results:

Development and evaluation of multiple system prototype versions.
The best-performing YOLOv9 model achieved 91% accuracy, outperforming the circular Hough transform.

Conclusions:

The developed models effectively overcome image processing challenges in lesion detection.
The system addresses limitations of small and imbalanced datasets common in medical image analysis.