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Measles: An Updated Literature Review of the Host Response, Pathogenesis, Complications, Prevention Measures, and

Stefanie Au1, Seema Saini1, William Dela Cruz1

  • 1College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.

Current Issues in Molecular Biology
|February 27, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Measles is highly contagious and dangerous, with no approved antiviral treatments. Vaccination remains the most effective prevention strategy against this resurgent global health threat.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Measles virus (MeV) poses a significant global health risk due to its high transmissibility and potential for severe complications.
  • Recent outbreaks highlight declining herd immunity, driven by vaccine hesitancy and pandemic disruptions.
  • Current therapeutic options are limited, with no FDA-approved antiviral treatments for measles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the latest literature on measles, covering host response, immune evasion, and prevention strategies.
  • To analyze factors contributing to measles resurgence and vaccine failure.
  • To emphasize the importance of vaccination and public health measures.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of recent studies on measles.
  • Analysis of host immune responses and MeV immune evasion mechanisms.
  • Evaluation of current treatment and prevention strategies, including vaccination and adjunctive therapies.

Main Results:

  • Measles virus employs immune evasion strategies, such as interferon signaling antagonism.
  • Genetic factors can be associated with measles vaccine failure.
  • Adjunctive treatments like vitamin A and ribavirin have been explored.
  • Measles resurgences are linked to decreased herd immunity.

Conclusions:

  • Primary prevention through measles vaccination is the only effective strategy against MeV.
  • Strengthening public health outreach and international surveillance is crucial.
  • Addressing vaccine hesitancy is essential to control measles outbreaks.
Keywords:
ParamyxoviridaeRNA virusmeaslesrubeola

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