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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
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The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
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Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Author Spotlight: Adjuvant Activity of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in Enhancing the Immunogenicity of Autoantigens During Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
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Author Spotlight: Adjuvant Activity of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in Enhancing the Immunogenicity of Autoantigens During Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

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Autoimmune Diseases and Mycobacterial Infection.

Abraham Chorbajian1, Ira Glassman1, Akhila Swarna1

  • 1College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.

Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mycobacterial infections and autoimmune diseases have a two-way link. Autoimmune conditions and their treatments can increase mycobacterial infection risk, while mycobacteria may trigger or worsen autoimmunity.

Keywords:
Crohn’s diseaseautoimmune diseasemultiple sclerosismycobacteriarheumatoid arthritissystemic lupus erythematoustype 1 diabetes mellitus

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Mycobacterial infections and autoimmune diseases are globally prevalent.
  • A bidirectional relationship between these conditions is increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mechanisms linking autoimmune diseases and mycobacterial infections.
  • To examine how autoimmunity predisposes to mycobacterial infections and vice versa.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive PubMed/MEDLINE search was performed.
  • Keywords included "mycobacterium" and specific autoimmune conditions.

Main Results:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis treatments (e.g., TNF-α inhibitors) increase tuberculosis (TB) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) risk.
  • Type 1 diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, and Crohn's disease show specific immune dysfunctions and susceptibilities to mycobacteria.
  • Mechanisms include molecular mimicry (e.g., MAP and HSP65-GAD65), immune dysregulation, and genetic factors (e.g., NOD2 variants).

Conclusions:

  • Evidence supports a bidirectional relationship: mycobacteria can trigger autoimmunity, and autoimmunity/immunosuppression increases infection susceptibility.
  • Implications include latent TB screening before immunosuppression and monitoring local epidemiology.
  • Research priorities include prospective studies, mechanistic research, and clinical trials for screening and prophylaxis.