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Muscles that Move the Arm

Muscles that Move the Arm

Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Arthroscopic Management of Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: Whole Rotator Cable Reconstruction Using Proximal Biceps Tendon Autograft

Arthroscopic Management of Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: Whole Rotator Cable Reconstruction Using Proximal Biceps Tendon Autograft

Published on: June 6, 2025

Rotator Cuff Disorders: Practical Recommendations for Conservative Management Based on the Literature.

Adrien J-P Schwitzguébel¹

¹Sports Medicine Division, Hôpital de la Providence, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)

|February 27, 2026

Summary

This study introduces a comprehensive, evidence-based protocol for non-surgical rotator cuff disorder management. It integrates diagnosis, prognosis, and tailored rehabilitation for better patient outcomes.

Keywords:

classification clinical follow-up clinical protocol conservative management musculoskeletal medicine non-surgical treatment regenerative medicine regenerative therapies rehabilitation return-to-play rotator cuff rotator cuff disorders shoulder sports medicine

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A Novel Arthroscopic Medial Knot-Tying Suture-Bridge Repair with Rip-Stop Technique for Rotator Cuff Tears

A Novel Arthroscopic Medial Knot-Tying Suture-Bridge Repair with Rip-Stop Technique for Rotator Cuff Tears

Published on: January 13, 2026

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Last Updated: Feb 28, 2026

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Published on: June 6, 2025

Knotless Independent Double-Row Repair and Biceps Augmentation for Anterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tears

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Published on: January 23, 2026

A Novel Arthroscopic Medial Knot-Tying Suture-Bridge Repair with Rip-Stop Technique for Rotator Cuff Tears

A Novel Arthroscopic Medial Knot-Tying Suture-Bridge Repair with Rip-Stop Technique for Rotator Cuff Tears

Published on: January 13, 2026

Area of Science:

Orthopedics
Sports Medicine
Physical Therapy

Background:

Conservative management of rotator cuff disorders lacks a unified, evidence-based framework.
Current recommendations often address isolated care components, leading to inconsistent strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose a global, pragmatic protocol for non-surgical management of rotator cuff lesions.
To provide a stepwise approach integrating diagnosis, prognosis, rehabilitation, and follow-up.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive diagnostic process combining history, clinical examination, and targeted imaging.
Stratification of rotator cuff disorders into three prognostic categories (good, borderline, poor).
Rehabilitation structured around four domains: pain control, mobility, strengthening, and anatomy preservation.

Main Results:

A prognostic categorization guides treatment adaptation and identifies candidates for early surgery.
Individualized rehabilitation plans address specific patient needs and recovery goals.
Monitoring integrates clinical reassessment, ultrasound, and functional milestones, including return-to-play criteria.

Conclusions:

Precise diagnosis and individualized rehabilitation optimize conservative rotator cuff disorder management.
The proposed protocol provides a clear, evidence-informed roadmap for clinicians.
Aligning treatment with prognostic and functional goals enhances patient satisfaction and recovery.