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Sperm DNA Fragmentation Is Associated with Impaired Directional Motility and Kinematic Efficiency: A CASA-Based

Ioana Cristina Rotar1, Richard Buda2,3, Adelin Marcu2

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Summary

High sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) impairs sperm motility efficiency and directionality, not just overall movement. Assessing SDF alongside computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) parameters aids male fertility evaluation.

Keywords:
computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA)directional motilitymale infertilitysperm DNA fragmentationsperm kinematic parameters

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Andrology
  • Spermatozoa Function

Background:

  • Sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) is a key marker for male reproductive potential.
  • The link between SDF and sperm kinematic performance requires further elucidation.
  • Computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) offers detailed motility assessment beyond conventional methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between varying levels of sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) and specific sperm kinematic parameters measured by CASA.
  • To determine if SDF independently predicts alterations in sperm motility characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • An observational study involving 183 semen samples stratified by SDF levels (control, mild, moderate, severe).
  • Sperm kinematic parameters (VCL, VSL, VAP, LIN, STR, WOB) were assessed using CASA.
  • Statistical analyses included ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman correlations, and multivariable linear regression.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in directional motility and efficiency parameters were observed across SDF groups.
  • Sperm DNA fragmentation negatively correlated with straight-line velocity (VSL), average path velocity (VAP), and curvilinear velocity (VCL).
  • Multivariable regression identified SDF as an independent predictor of reduced VSL and VAP.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated SDF is associated with impaired sperm motility efficiency and directionality.
  • Sperm DNA integrity plays a crucial role in shaping sperm kinematic performance.
  • Complementary assessment of SDF and CASA parameters enhances male fertility evaluation.