Non-Operative, Micro- and Minimally Invasive Methods for Caries Treatment-A Narrative Review.

Area of Science:

• Dentistry
• Biomaterials Science
• Conservative Dentistry

Background:

• Traditional caries management focused on mechanical removal ('extension for prevention').
• A paradigm shift towards biologically oriented, structure-preserving philosophies is evident.
• Minimally invasive dentistry (MID) integrates early detection, risk assessment, and conservative interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current evidence on non-operative, micro-invasive, and minimally invasive dental strategies.
• To highlight advanced technologies for conservative caries management.
• To emphasize the biological principles underlying MID.

Main Methods:

• Review of non-operative strategies: fluoride therapy, remineralizing agents (CPP-ACP), self-assembling peptides, sealants, resin infiltration.
• Review of micro-invasive and minimally invasive operative techniques: chemomechanical systems, sono/air abrasion, advanced burs.
• Review of laser technologies: erbium lasers (Er:YAG, Er,Cr:YSGG) for precise cavity preparation.

Main Results:

• MID strategies effectively preserve natural tooth structures and vital dentin.
• Advanced technologies enable selective tissue removal and precise cavity preparation.
• These methods improve patient comfort and reduce the need for anesthesia.

Conclusions:

• Minimally invasive dentistry (MID) is an evidence-based philosophy prioritizing structural preservation and long-term oral health.
• MID encompasses a range of refined clinical techniques and advanced technologies.
• Despite limitations, MID represents a comprehensive approach to modern caries management.