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Research on Partial Discharge Acoustic Emission Sensing Using Fiber Optic Sagnac Interferometer Based on Shaft-Type
Qichao Chen1, Mengze Xu1, Zhongyuan Li2
1School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China.
Micromachines
|February 27, 2026
Summary
This study introduces an oblique fiber winding technique for fiber optic ultrasound sensors, significantly improving sensitivity for detecting partial discharges (PD) in power transformers. The new design offers a more reliable solution for online monitoring.
Area of Science:
- Optical Fiber Sensing
- Acoustic Metrology
- Power Systems Diagnostics
Background:
- Large oil-immersed power transformers face challenges with partial discharge (PD) detection due to complex internal structures and signal attenuation.
- Traditional ultrasound sensors, including Piezoelectric (PZT) types, exhibit limitations in sensitivity and signal propagation for PD monitoring in transformers.
- Existing fiber optic ultrasound sensors with parallel fiber windings suffer from strain cancellation and poor displacement accumulation, hindering performance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the resonant mode vibration characteristics of a shaft-type fiber optic ultrasound sensor.
- To propose an oblique fiber winding strategy to overcome limitations of traditional parallel winding methods.
- To enhance the sensitivity and acoustic-solid coupling efficiency for effective PD detection in power transformers.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of multi-order resonant mode vibration characteristics and displacement distribution patterns in the sensor core.
- Development and implementation of an oblique fiber winding technique for the sensor.
- Experimental validation of the oblique winding sensor's performance in typical PD model detection scenarios.
Main Results:
- The oblique winding fiber optic sensor demonstrated a more prominent response near high-order resonances.
- Detection sensitivity was approximately 2.5 times higher than parallel winding structures.
- Overall sensitivity was at least 7.4 times greater than traditional Piezoelectric (PZT) sensors.
Conclusions:
- The fiber winding method is a critical design parameter for acoustic-solid coupling efficiency and high sensitivity in shaft-type fiber optic interferometric PD sensors.
- The oblique winding strategy effectively addresses strain cancellation and displacement accumulation issues.
- This research provides a feasible path for developing high-reliability fiber optic sensing solutions for online monitoring of transformer partial discharges.
