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Development and Exploratory Validation of the Clinical Research Nursing Competencies-Self-Efficacy Scale
Mattia Bozzetti1, Laura Apadula2, Arianna Magon3
1Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 27, 2026
Summary
The new Clinical Research Nursing Competencies-Self-Efficacy (Se-CRN) scale effectively measures nurses
Area of Science:
- Nursing Science
- Healthcare Professions
- Clinical Research
Background:
- Clinical research nursing is a specialized field requiring specific competencies.
- Existing instruments may not fully capture the self-efficacy of clinical research nurses.
- A validated tool is needed to assess perceived capability in this practice area.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate the Clinical Research Nursing Competencies-Self-Efficacy (Se-CRN) scale.
- To provide a theory-grounded instrument for assessing self-efficacy in clinical research nursing.
- To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Se-CRN scale.
Main Methods:
- Exploratory sequential mixed-method design over a 3-year period.
- Item pool derived from competency taxonomy, refined by expert review.
- Online administration of the final Se-CRN scale to 183 clinical research nurses in Italy; structural validity and reliability assessed using factor analysis and internal consistency indices.
Main Results:
- A five-factor structure emerged, encompassing Clinical Practice, Study Management, Human Subject Protection, Contributing to the Science, and Care Coordination and Continuity.
- The Se-CRN scale demonstrated excellent reliability at the scale level and strong reliability across domains.
- Higher self-efficacy correlated with increased research experience and advanced education; no significant differences were found between oncological and non-oncological settings.
Conclusions:
- The Se-CRN is the first validated self-efficacy instrument for clinical research nursing, covering its full scope.
- The scale offers a practical tool for assessing training needs, developing curricula, and planning the workforce.
- Further research is recommended to confirm the factor structure and assess responsiveness to professional development in diverse settings.
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