Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 20, 2026
09:18
A Video Protocol of Retroviral Infection in Primary Intestinal Organoid Culture
Published on: August 11, 2014
30.4K
Organoids Gone Viral: A Comprehensive Review on Human Organoid Models to Study Viral Pathogenesis
N S Suneesh1,2, Parikshit Bagchi3, Anupam Mukherjee1,2
1ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune 411001, India.
Viruses
|February 27, 2026
Summary
Organoid technology provides advanced 3D human models for studying viruses, improving our understanding of host-virus interactions and accelerating antiviral discovery.
Area of Science:
- Biotechnology
- Virology
- Regenerative Medicine
Background:
- Organoid technology offers physiologically relevant 3D human models, bridging the gap between 2D cell cultures and in vivo systems.
- Organoids self-organize from stem cells into structures mimicking native tissue architecture and function.
- This technology is crucial for understanding complex host-virus interactions and disease mechanisms.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the evolution and applications of organoid systems in studying human viruses across various tissues.
- To highlight the utility of organoids in modeling viral tropism, immune responses, and host variability.
- To emphasize the role of organoids in antiviral discovery, vaccine testing, and precision medicine.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing pluripotent or adult stem cells to derive organoids.
- Applying organoid models to neural, intestinal, hepatic, pulmonary, and renal tissues.
- Integrating organoids with single-cell transcriptomics and CRISPR editing.
Main Results:
- Organoids enable accurate modeling of host-virus interactions and disease mechanisms.
- These models reproduce viral tropism, immune signaling, and host variability, providing molecular insights.
- Organoid applications have been demonstrated across multiple human tissue types for various viral infections.
Conclusions:
- Organoid technology is a powerful platform for studying a wide range of human viruses.
- Integration with advanced techniques enhances the translational utility of organoids for drug discovery and personalized medicine.
- Organoids represent a significant advancement in experimental virology and public health research.
Keywords:
3d cell culture modelsantiviral drug discoveryemerging and re-emerging viruseshost–virus interactionshuman stem cell-derived modelsorganoidstranslational virologyviral pathogenesisMore Related Videos
10:30Organoids as Model for Infectious Diseases: Culture of Human and Murine Stomach Organoids and Microinjection of Helicobacter Pylori
Published on: November 12, 2015
36.6K
05:45Author Spotlight: Integrating Organoid Models with Single-Cell and Spatial Transcriptomics Technologies
Published on: March 29, 2024
3.6K
Related Concept Videos
00:50What are Viruses?
Overview
02:43Mouse Models of Cancer Study
Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...
01:28Introduction to Virus
Viruses are unique biological entities that blur the boundary between living and non-living systems. Although they lack cellular structure and metabolic processes, they can exhibit characteristics of life when infecting a host. Their defining feature is a nucleic acid core, composed of either DNA or RNA, encapsulated within a protein coat called a capsid. This simple structure allows them to invade host cells and use their machinery for replication efficiently.Viral Structure and...
01:26Human Virome
The human body harbors a vast and diverse viral community known as the human virome. The virome includes bacteriophages that infect bacteria, and eukaryotic viruses that infect human cells. Transient dietary and environmental viruses also contribute to this dynamic ecosystem. Estimates suggest the human body may contain on the order of 10¹³ viral particles, though abundance varies widely by body site and detection method.Comprehensive characterization of the virome has become possible only with...
01:23Bacteriophages of the Human Virome
Bacteriophages are found throughout the human body. They may even outnumber eukaryotic viruses, forming an important and dynamic component of the human virome. Indeed, phages represent the most abundant viral entities, with densities in the gut reaching up to 10⁹ particles per gram of fecal matter, and many belonging to orders such as Caudovirales and Microviridae, while a substantial proportion remains unclassified as viral “dark matter.”Lysogeny and Genetic ExchangeIn the gut, bacteriophages...
01:23Investigation of Disease Outbreaks
Multistate foodborne outbreaks pose significant public health risks and require meticulous investigation to identify sources and implement control measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) utilizes a dynamic seven-step process for these investigations, integrating data from laboratories, interviews, and environmental assessments to protect public health.Outbreak Detection: The detection of multistate outbreaks typically begins with PulseNet, the CDC's national laboratory...