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Related Concept Videos

Fiber Reinforced Concrete01:22

Fiber Reinforced Concrete

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Fiber-reinforced concrete significantly enhances the structural and nonstructural properties of traditional concrete by incorporating fibers like steel, glass, and polymers. These fibers, varying from natural ones such as sisal and cellulose to manufactured ones like polypropylene and Kevlar, are mixed into hydraulic cement with aggregates. Steel fibers, often preferred for their robustness, contribute to improved ductility, toughness, and post-cracking performance. The concrete is classified...
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Fineness Modulus01:19

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The fineness modulus (FM) of aggregate is a numerical index that measures the coarseness or fineness of the particles. It is calculated by adding the cumulative percentages of aggregate retained on each of a specified series of sieves and dividing the sum by 100.
Consider performing sieve analysis on sand through a set of ASTM sieves. The weight of aggregate retained in each sieve and pan placed at the bottom is recorded, as given in Column B of Table 1.
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Measurement of Air Content in Concrete01:23

Measurement of Air Content in Concrete

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Air content measurement in concrete is critical for ensuring structural integrity and durability of concrete structures, especially in environments prone to severe weather conditions. Accurate air content analysis optimizes concrete's resistance to freeze-thaw cycles and enhances its workability and strength. Several methods are standardized under ASTM guidelines to measure the air content in fresh concrete, each suitable for different concrete types and conditions.
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Compacting Factor test01:22

Compacting Factor test

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The compacting factor test is a method used to assess the workability of concrete. It is  especially suitable for concrete mixes containing aggregates up to one and a half inches in size. This test involves specialized equipment consisting of two truncated cone-shaped hoppers and a cylinder, all with polished interior surfaces to minimize friction.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Fiber Composite Laminate Quality with the Wet Hand Lay-Up/Vacuum Bag Process
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Measurement Methods for Fiber Volume Fraction of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites.

Xudan Yao1,2, Yaxin Wang1, Haolin Wang1

  • 1School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.

Polymers
|February 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This review covers methods for measuring fiber volume fraction (FVF) in composites, essential for performance evaluation. It highlights traditional destructive and advanced non-destructive techniques, discussing their pros and cons for various applications.

Keywords:
fibre volume fraction (FVF)fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) compositesmeasurement methods

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Composite Materials

Background:

  • Fiber-reinforced composites offer high specific strength and stiffness, crucial for aerospace, automotive, and civil engineering.
  • Fiber volume fraction (FVF) is a key parameter influencing composite performance.
  • Accurate FVF measurement is vital for quality control and design optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review existing methods for measuring fiber volume fraction (FVF) in fiber-reinforced composites.
  • To compare traditional destructive techniques with emerging non-destructive testing (NDT) approaches.
  • To identify challenges and future research directions in FVF measurement.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on destructive methods: resin removal, acid digestion, combustion, image analysis.
  • Review of literature on non-destructive methods: X-ray CT, thermography, ultrasonic, XRD, eddy current.
  • Analysis of methods based on applicability, accuracy, complexity, and cost.

Main Results:

  • Destructive methods offer high accuracy but are time-consuming and material-degrading.
  • Non-destructive techniques provide rapid, in-situ measurements with varying degrees of accuracy and complexity.
  • Each method has specific advantages and limitations depending on the composite material and application.

Conclusions:

  • The need for advanced non-destructive testing (NDT) methods for FVF measurement is emphasized.
  • Future directions include enhancing cost-efficiency, energy efficiency, and intelligent measurement capabilities.
  • Sustainability and broader applicability of FVF measurement techniques are crucial for future composite development.