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Microwave-Assisted Wet Granulation for Engineering Rice Starch-Mannitol Co-Processed Excipients for Direct

Karnkamol Trisopon1,2, Phennapha Saokham1,2

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.

Pharmaceutics
|February 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Microwave-assisted wet granulation created a novel rice starch-mannitol excipient for orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs). This green processing method enhanced powder flow, compressibility, and wettability, leading to improved ODT performance.

Keywords:
co-processed excipientmannitolmicrowave treatmentrice starchwet granulation

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Technology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Excipient functionality is key for orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) manufacturability and performance.
  • Environmentally friendly and scalable processing methods are needed for excipient enhancement.
  • Microwave-assisted wet granulation offers controlled microstructural modification without chemical alteration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a rice starch-mannitol co-processed excipient using microwave-assisted wet granulation.
  • To optimize processing conditions for enhanced excipient functionality for direct compression ODTs.
  • To assess the performance of the developed excipient in ODT formulations.

Main Methods:

  • Rice starch and mannitol were co-processed via wet granulation followed by microwave treatment.
  • Processing conditions (power, time) were varied to study their effects on granule properties.
  • Excipient functionality (morphology, solid-state, flow, compressibility, wettability, disintegration) was systematically investigated.
  • Optimized excipient was formulated into ODTs and compared with a commercial excipient (Starlac®).

Main Results:

  • Microwave treatment induced pore formation and particle agglomeration, improving powder flowability (compressibility index 8.4-10.8%).
  • Reduced crystallinity and microstructural changes enhanced compressibility and wettability.
  • Optimized excipient (MW-RM-H-30) showed rapid wetting (25s), high water absorption (90.5%), and fast disintegration (31s).
  • ODTs with MW-RM-H-30 exhibited rapid disintegration and dissolution comparable to Starlac®.

Conclusions:

  • Microwave-assisted wet granulation is an efficient, scalable, and eco-friendly method for engineering starch-based co-processed excipients.
  • The developed rice starch-mannitol excipient possesses enhanced functionality for direct compression ODTs.
  • This novel excipient shows significant potential for pharmaceutical solid dosage form manufacturing.