[Research progress and future trends of field-effect transistor biosensors in the detection of Staphylococcus aureus]

Staphylococcus aureus, a common foodborne pathogen, is one of the main causes of bacterial food poisoning. Therefore, developing rapid and highly sensitive detection technologies for this pathogen is of great significance for ensuring food safety and public health. Field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors have become a technical platform with significant development potential in the research on Staphylococcus aureus detection due to their high sensitivity, rapid response, and miniaturization capabilities. This review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in FET biosensors based on silicon nanowires, carbon nanotubes, graphene, molybdenum disulfide, and gold nanoporous structures, with a focus on their breakthroughs in limit of detection, selectivity, and response time. Nowadays, challenges such as fabrication complexity and limited anti-interference capability hinder the practical applications of FET biosensors. Future development requires innovations in nanomaterials, microfluidic integration, and intelligent design to advance their applications in food safety and clinical diagnostics. This study systematically reviews the recent advances in FET biosensors for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus, providing a valuable reference for performance optimization and innovative breakthroughs, and has positive significance for promoting the practical development of food safety monitoring technology.