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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
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Complement profiling for treatment outcomes in pulmonary TB.

Nathella Pavan Kumar1,2, Arul Nancy P1,3, Syed Hissar1

  • 1Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India.

Frontiers in Immunology
|February 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Elevated complement system activation, particularly via the classical pathway, is linked to poor tuberculosis treatment outcomes. Complement dysregulation may predict individuals at risk for adverse responses to TB therapy.

Keywords:
compliment proteinsmultiplex ELISAprognostic markerstuberculosisunfavorable TB treatment outcomes

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The complement system is crucial for immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
  • Imbalances in complement activity can lead to inadequate immune response or excessive inflammation, impacting tuberculosis treatment outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between baseline complement profiles and unfavorable treatment responses in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients.
  • To identify potential prognostic markers for TB treatment outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Plasma levels of complement components and regulatory proteins were measured using the Magpix multiplex cytokine assay.
  • A cohort of TB patients with poor treatment outcomes (n=68) and disease-free controls (n=108) were analyzed.
  • Measurements were taken at baseline (pre-treatment) and month two of anti-TB therapy.

Main Results:

  • TB patients with poor outcomes showed significantly higher levels of C3, C3b, C4b, C5, C5a, and C1q compared to controls at both time points.
  • Reduced levels of Factor B and Factor H were observed in patients with poor treatment outcomes.
  • Regression analysis indicated that elevated levels of C3, C3b, C4b, C5, C5a, and C1q were associated with an increased risk of unfavorable TB treatment outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Early and sustained complement activation, especially through the classical pathway, correlates with adverse outcomes in TB patients.
  • Complement dysregulation shows potential as a prognostic marker for identifying individuals likely to experience poor treatment response to TB.