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Long-term Sequelae of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Narrative Review
Akshay N Gupte1, Alix Boisson-Walsh2, Moises A Huaman3
1Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Summary
Tuberculosis survivors face significant long-term health issues, including lung damage, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Further research is crucial to identify at-risk individuals and develop targeted therapies for these tuberculosis sequelae.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonary Medicine
- Infectious Diseases
- Cardiovascular Medicine
Background:
- Tuberculosis (TB) survivors often experience long-term health problems despite effective treatment.
- Pulmonary TB sequelae include ventilatory defects, impaired lung function, and increased risk of bronchiectasis and aspergillosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review key long-term sequelae of pulmonary TB.
- To highlight research priorities and knowledge gaps in understanding TB sequelae.
- To propose future research directions, including the
Main Methods:
- Narrative review of existing literature on tuberculosis sequelae.
- Analysis of observational data linking TB to cardiovascular disease and lung cancer.
- Discussion of the role of host inflammatory response in TB pathogenesis.
Main Results:
- Over half of treated pulmonary TB cases exhibit ventilatory defects.
- Approximately one-third of TB survivors develop bronchiectasis or chronic pulmonary aspergillosis.
- TB is linked to increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and lung cancer, independent of smoking.
Conclusions:
- Significant knowledge gaps persist regarding TB sequelae, including risk identification, phenotyping, and prognostic biomarkers.
- Understanding the dysfunctional host inflammatory response is key to addressing TB sequelae.
- New research initiatives are needed to better manage long-term health outcomes for TB survivors.
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