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Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Co-analysis of Brain Structure and Function using fMRI and Diffusion-weighted Imaging

Co-analysis of Brain Structure and Function using fMRI and Diffusion-weighted Imaging

Published on: November 8, 2012

Multi-dimensional diffusion MRI at ultra-high gradient strength for mapping axonal architecture and microstructure in

Ting Gong¹, Chiara Maffei¹, Dongsuk Sung¹

¹Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology

|February 27, 2026

Summary

This study presents unprecedentedly detailed diffusion MRI scans of macaque and human brains. These high-resolution images reveal intricate brain wiring and structure, advancing neuroscience research and technology.

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Area of Science:

Neuroimaging
Comparative Neuroscience
Brain Anatomy

Background:

Diffusion MRI is crucial for mapping brain connectivity.
Previous whole-brain imaging lacked sufficient resolution for detailed analysis.
Large-scale brain mapping initiatives require advanced imaging techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

To generate the most comprehensive diffusion MRI dataset of macaque and human brains.
To achieve ultra-high spatial and diffusion resolution for detailed brain structure analysis.
To provide a valuable resource for neuroscience research and technical development.

Main Methods:

Utilized ultra-high-gradient MRI systems, including Connectome 2.0, for post-mortem acquisitions.
Acquired data at high spatial resolutions (0.25 mm for macaques, 0.4 mm for humans) and multiple diffusion shells (up to 64000 s/mm²).
Optimized imaging protocols for high signal-to-noise ratio across varied b-values, diffusion times, and echo times.

Main Results:

Achieved unprecedented detail in whole-brain diffusion MRI sampling for both species.
Resolved white matter connectional architecture with high fidelity.
Visualized cortical and subcortical cytoarchitectonic boundaries previously inaccessible in noninvasive imaging.

Conclusions:

The generated dataset offers a significant advancement in brain imaging resolution and scope.
These data will facilitate technical development in diffusion MRI.
The resource supports basic and clinical neuroscience research by providing detailed brain atlases.