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Chemical reaction-enabled lipidomics: from sensitive structural analysis to biomedical applications
1State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. maxx@tsinghua.edu.cn.
The Analyst
|February 27, 2026
Summary
Chemical derivatization enhances lipidomics by improving detection sensitivity and structural analysis. This technique helps identify new lipid biomarkers and understand cellular metabolism and disease pathology.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Analytical Chemistry
Background:
- Lipidomics faces challenges due to lipid diversity, dynamic range, and ionization efficiency.
- Mass spectrometry (MS) analysis struggles with low-abundance lipids and isomer resolution.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review advancements in chemical derivatization for lipidomics.
- To highlight its role in overcoming analytical limitations and enhancing biological insights.
Main Methods:
- Discusses derivatization strategies to increase lipid ionization efficiency.
- Explains selective reactions for pinpointing double bonds and differentiating isomers.
- Covers mass-shift profiling for improved specificity and quantification.
Main Results:
- Chemical derivatization significantly enhances detection sensitivity.
- It refines structural elucidation, including double bond location and isomer differentiation.
- Mass-shift profiling advances spectrometric specificity and quantification.
Conclusions:
- Chemical derivatization is crucial for bridging analytical capability and biological complexity in lipidomics.
- These methods facilitate novel lipid biomarker discovery.
- Provides deeper insights into lipid metabolism for biomedical research.
