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Association between cumulative average BMI and cognitive decline: a 24-year cohort study
Qianhui Xu1, Meng Hsuan Sung2, Zhuo Chen3,4
1Graduate School of Art and Science, New York University, New York, NY, 10012, USA.
Journal of Neurology
|February 27, 2026
Summary
High cumulative average Body Mass Index (caBMI) is linked to faster cognitive decline. This effect is strongest eight years later, emphasizing long-term weight management for brain health.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Public Health
- Gerontology
Background:
- High Body Mass Index (BMI) is associated with impaired cognitive function.
- Limited research exists on the long-term effects of cumulative average BMI (caBMI) on cognitive health.
- Understanding caBMI's impact is crucial for cognitive health strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between caBMI and cognitive decline.
- To identify the critical time window where caBMI most strongly predicts cognitive decline.
- To inform long-term weight management strategies for preserving cognitive function.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the Health and Retirement Study (1996-2020).
- Assessed global cognition using a composite score of memory and executive function.
- Calculated caBMI as the mean BMI over the follow-up period and employed linear mixed models for analysis.
Main Results:
- A 100-unit increase in caBMI correlated with accelerated cognitive decline in global cognition, executive function, and memory.
- The strongest association between caBMI and cognitive decline was observed at the eight-year mark.
- Older adults (≥65 years) showed a greater association between caBMI and cognitive decline compared to younger adults.
Conclusions:
- Cumulative average BMI is significantly linked to cognitive decline over time.
- Weight management and consistent BMI monitoring are vital for maintaining cognitive health.
- The findings underscore the importance of addressing long-term weight trends for neurological well-being.
Keywords:
Aging populationCognitive declineCumulative average body mass index (caBMI)Health and Retirement Study (HRS)Longitudinal cohort studyNeuroepidemiologyMore Related Videos
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