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Related Concept Videos

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management01:28

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management

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Pleural Effusion Overview
A pleural effusion is the abnormal collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura layers of tissue that form the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. It can occur independently or due to surrounding parenchymal diseases, such as infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Pleural Disorders: Types and Brief Description01:30

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The pleura is a vital part of the respiratory system. It's a double-layered membrane surrounding the lungs and lining the chest cavity. The two layers of the pleura are:
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Endoscopy is a non-surgical medical technique used to examine a person's internal organs and vessels. This lesson will focus on two types of endoscopic studies: bronchoscopy and thoracoscopy.
Bronchoscopy
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The lungs are nestled in a cavity, shielded by the pleura. The pleura, a form of serous membrane, wraps around each lung. This membrane arrangement consists of two layers: the visceral and parietal pleurae. The visceral pleura lines the surface of the lungIn contrast, the parietal pleura is the outer layer and contacts to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm. The hilum is the point of connection between the visceral and parietal layers. The space between the parietal and...
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Pleural effusion is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a narrow space between the lungs and the chest wall. It is not a disease per se but rather a symptom or indication of an underlying disease. In normal circumstances, this space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), a lubricant facilitating the non-frictional movement of the pleural surfaces.
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Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

CT-guided Preoperative Localization of Pulmonary Nodules Using a Glucose Test and Tissue Adhesive
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Benign vs. malignant pulmonary nodules: pleural adhesion risks and predictors.

Jiaheng Zhang1, Keyue Qiu1, Hang Chen1

  • 1Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.

Clinical & Translational Oncology : Official Publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico
|February 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Benign pulmonary nodules correlate with more localized pleural adhesions, while malignant nodules show more extensive adhesions. Age and fibrinogen are key predictors for assessing surgical risk.

Keywords:
Pleural adhesionsPulmonary nodulesRetrospective studyRisk factorsThoracic surgery

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Pulmonary nodule pathology differentiation is complex.
  • Pleural adhesions can complicate thoracic surgeries.
  • The relationship between nodule characteristics and pleural adhesions requires investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between pulmonary nodule pathology and the presence/extent of pleural adhesions.
  • To identify factors influencing pleural adhesions in patients undergoing pulmonary nodule resection.
  • To develop predictive models for pleural adhesion risk.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 539 patients with surgically resected pulmonary nodules.
  • Standardized grading of pleural adhesions.
  • Univariate and multivariate analyses to identify influencing factors.
  • Construction of prediction models and a nomogram.

Main Results:

  • Benign nodules were associated with a higher rate of localized adhesions (54.8% vs. 17.6%).
  • Malignant nodules showed a higher rate of extensive adhesions (7.2% vs. 1.6%).
  • Independent predictive factors included age, benign nodule pathology, and preoperative fibrinogen levels.
  • Fibrinogen alone (AUC=0.907) and a combined model (AUC=0.894) demonstrated excellent predictive performance.

Conclusions:

  • Benign nodules are more frequently associated with pleural adhesions, but malignant nodules lead to more extensive adhesions.
  • Patient age and preoperative fibrinogen levels are significant risk factors for pleural adhesions.
  • Fibrinogen serves as a reliable biomarker, and the developed nomogram can assist in individualized preoperative risk assessment for pleural adhesions.