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Role of Hippocampus in Memory

Role of Hippocampus in Memory

The hippocampus, a critical brain structure, plays an essential role in memory processing, particularly in the formation and retrieval of memory. This small, seahorse-shaped region is located within the medial temporal lobe, with one hippocampus in each brain hemisphere. Experimental studies involving lesions in the hippocampi of rats have demonstrated significant impairments in tasks such as object recognition and maze navigation, indicating the hippocampus involvement in both recognition and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Effects of Mind-Body-Movement Practices on Brain Function

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Effects of Mind-Body-Movement Practices on Brain Function

Published on: January 26, 2024

Human hippocampal theta-gamma coupling coordinates sequential planning during navigation.

Zimo Huang¹, James A Bisby², Neil Burgess^3,4,5

¹Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|February 27, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals how the brain plans navigation sequences. Using magnetoencephalography, researchers found that theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling in the hippocampus dynamically coordinates actions for goal-directed behavior.

Keywords:

MEG hippocampus navigation neural coding phase-amplitude coupling

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Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice

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Published on: June 29, 2018

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Published on: August 2, 2017

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Science
Computational Neuroscience

Background:

Human goal-directed behavior involves complex action sequences.
Neural mechanisms for sequence planning, particularly in navigation, remain unclear.
Working memory research suggests theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) may encode sequential information.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if theta-gamma PAC supports sequential planning in goal-directed navigation.
To explore the role of hippocampal and entorhinal activity in navigation sequence coding.

Main Methods:

Noninvasive magnetoencephalography (MEG) was used in human participants.
An abstract navigation task was employed to study planning and execution.
Analysis focused on theta power and theta-gamma PAC in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex.

Main Results:

Hippocampal theta power decreased with goal proximity during accurate navigation.
Theta-gamma PAC increased with goal proximity, supporting sequential coding.
Distinct gamma bands (high vs. low) were associated with novel versus familiar path navigation.

Conclusions:

Hippocampal theta-gamma PAC dynamically coordinates action sequences for goal-directed navigation.
This coding scheme appears flexible and conserved across mammalian species.
Different gamma frequency bands may serve distinct roles in mnemonic and prospective planning.