[Risk factors for developing thromboembolic complications in oncological patients (a literature review)]

Oncological patients are typically prone to the development of thromboembolic complications significantly worsening the general prognosis of the disease. Therefore, determining the probability of the onset and prevention of these complications remains an important practical task. This literature review presents the data of foreign and Russian authors on the major risk factors for developing venous thromboembolic complications in oncological patients, also giving characteristics of the main biochemical markers of the ongoing processes and intrinsic thereto alterations. This is followed by reflecting the incidence of thromboembolic events depending on the type, localization, incidence, degree of differentiation of malignant neoplasms, the presence or absence of concomitant diseases in patients, as well as the main demographic criteria associated with this pathology, Also analyzed herein is the effect of some chemotherapeutic drugs used as adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy on the onset of thrombotic events. Next comes the information on the effect of radiation methods of treatment on the development of thromboses and thromboembolisms in oncological patients. Additionally demonstrated is the relationship of thromboembolic processes in patients suffering from malignant neoplasms with surgical interventions and placement of central venous catheters.