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Gender identity development in autistic individuals: An interview study.

Robin Michiels1,2,3, Marie Groffi2, Jeroen Dewinter1,4,5

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Autism : the International Journal of Research and Practice
|February 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autistic individuals, both cisgender and trans and gender-diverse (TGD), explore gender identity development through personal experiences and societal interactions. This journey is intertwined with autism, requiring supportive environments for positive development.

Keywords:
Autismgender developmentgender identitylived experiencesparticipatory researchqualitative longitudinal analysisqualitative research

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Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Gender Studies
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Autistic individuals report higher rates of gender-related questions and incongruence compared to non-autistic peers.
  • Existing research on gender identity in autistic populations lacks longitudinal perspectives and underrepresents cisgender males.
  • Understanding the developmental trajectories of gender identity in autistic individuals, including cisgender and trans and gender-diverse (TGD) groups, is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the lived experiences of gender identity development in cisgender and TGD autistic adults.
  • To investigate how individual, environmental, and societal factors shape gender identity in autistic individuals.
  • To identify themes related to the process and phenomenology of gender identity development within the autistic community.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted semi-structured interviews with 15 autistic adults (aged 27-52).
  • Employed a qualitative longitudinal approach, combining phenomenological and process analyses using the Qualitative Analysis Guide of Leuven (QUAGOL).
  • Involved the autistic community in research question development, study design, and interpretation of results.

Main Results:

  • Phenomenological analysis revealed themes of exploring comfortable identity, negotiating self with others, and interacting with societal gender perspectives.
  • Process analysis identified themes of learning through experience, the time-consuming and demanding nature of gender identity development, and evolving perspectives on gender.
  • Gender-related questions were present in both cisgender and TGD autistic individuals, influenced by diverse factors, with variations in experience.

Conclusions:

  • Gender identity development in autistic individuals is a personal journey intertwined with autism, influenced by individual, social, and societal factors.
  • Supportive environments, peer connections, and appropriate conceptualization of autism diagnoses are vital for positive gender identity development.
  • Recognizing the demanding and time-consuming nature of gender exploration is essential for understanding and supporting autistic individuals' gender journeys.