Women's Perceptions of Sexual Function During the Postpartum Period: Systematic Review of Qualitative Evidence

Sexuality is a multifaceted aspect of life influenced by several dimensions, including biology, psychology, socioeconomics, and spirituality. Postpartum sexual health remains an understudied and relevant area for women. This systematic review of qualitative studies aimed to synthesize knowledge of the perceptions of sexuality of women who are postpartum in relation to their psychosexual adjustment and sexual functioning and the contextual and relational influences affecting them during this period.

From database inception until January 31, 2026, a comprehensive search of qualitative findings was conducted across the MEDLINE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and PsycINFO databases. Studies reporting a qualitative analysis of the perceptions associated with sexual function in women who are postpartum were included. Study quality was assessed using a Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist, and findings were synthesized thematically through inductive analysis. Confidence in the results was evaluated with the GRADE-CERQual approach.

Fifteen qualitative studies involving women from diverse cultural settings across Europe, the Middle East, Latin America, North America, and Oceania were included, and 3 analytical themes emerged: psychosexual adjustment, sexual functioning, and contextual and relational factors. Confidence in all findings was rated high.

This meta-synthesis demonstrates that women who are postpartum often experience pain, fear, diminished sexual desire, body image concerns, and cultural constraints, frequently within a context of insufficient support and systemic silence. It is essential to recognize sexuality as an integral part of postpartum health to promote comprehensive, evidence-based, woman-focused care.