Experiences of Preceptors in Underserved Areas: A National Qualitative Study

Clinical education of midwifery students depends on preceptors to guide students' transition from theoretical knowledge to safe beginning practice. However, there is limited information on the experiences for clinical preceptors working in sites serving rural and medically underserved communities. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand the experiences of midwives working in lower-resource areas who also act as clinical preceptors for students enrolled in midwifery education programs accredited by the Accreditation Commission for Midwifery Education.

Semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted along with the collection of preceptor and clinical practice site demographic data. A convenience sample of midwives who have served in a clinical preceptor role within the last 5 years were recruited. Interview questions were developed collaboratively by faculty and grant staff from 10 academic institutions receiving Maternity Care Nursing Workforce Expansion program funding from the Health Resources and Services Administration. Interviews were deidentified and analyzed by faculty and grant staff across 7 programs using qualitative research software and content analysis methodology by Krippendorff and the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research.

Thirty-nine midwife preceptors participated in interviews, representing all US Census regions. Five key themes emerged from the analysis of preceptor-focused information: (1) needs, (2) barriers and (3) facilitators, (4) learning from past experiences, and (5) compensation.

Findings highlight the need for comprehensive support, clear communication, and meaningful recognition of preceptors' critical role in training the next generation of midwives. Investing in preceptor training and support at the national and policy level could enhance the quality of midwifery education in rural and underserved areas.