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Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Fetal Echocardiography and Pulsed-wave Doppler Ultrasound in a Rabbit Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction

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Published on: June 29, 2013

Intermittent Auscultation for Intrapartum Fetal Heart Rate Surveillance.

Kristen Ostrem-Niemcewicz^1,2, Jessica Holm^1,3, Lisa Kane Low^1,4

¹American College of Nurse-Midwives, Washington, DC.

Journal of Midwifery & Women'S Health

|February 27, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Intermittent auscultation and electronic fetal monitoring are equivalent for monitoring fetal heart rate during labor. This bulletin reviews evidence and provides recommendations for intermittent auscultation best practices.

Keywords:

electronic fetal monitoring fetal heart rate intermittent auscultation intrapartum fetal surveillance

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Area of Science:

Obstetrics and Gynecology
Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Nursing Practice

Background:

Fetal heart rate surveillance is essential during intrapartum care.
Two primary methods exist: intermittent auscultation and electronic fetal monitoring.
Previous research indicates comparable long-term neonatal outcomes between the two methods.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the existing evidence supporting intermittent auscultation.
To provide evidence-based recommendations for the technique, interpretation, and documentation of intermittent auscultation.
To guide healthcare providers in optimizing fetal heart rate surveillance.

Main Methods:

Systematic review of relevant research literature.
Evidence synthesis on the efficacy and safety of intermittent auscultation.
Development of clinical recommendations based on synthesized evidence.

Main Results:

Intermittent auscultation is an effective method for fetal heart rate surveillance.
No significant differences in long-term neonatal outcomes were found when compared to electronic fetal monitoring.
Evidence supports the continued use of intermittent auscultation in appropriate clinical settings.

Conclusions:

Intermittent auscultation is a safe and effective alternative to electronic fetal monitoring for fetal heart rate surveillance.
Standardized recommendations for technique, interpretation, and documentation are crucial for optimal implementation.
Healthcare providers should be informed about the evidence to make informed decisions regarding fetal monitoring strategies.