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Creating Two-Dimensional Patterned Substrates for Protein and Cell Confinement
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Microscale-patterned SERS substrates with exceptional uniformity: Addressing reproducibility challenges.

Dilna Kolankada Kalathil1, Y W Sun2, C Liu3

  • 1School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia.

Talanta
|February 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a novel laser-lithography method for creating uniform Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) substrates. These substrates enable highly reproducible, quantitative SERS signals for advanced analytical applications.

Keywords:
Direct laser writingEnhancement factorNanowell arraysReproducibilitySERS

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Spectroscopy
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Reproducible, quantitative signals are crucial for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) adoption.
  • Conventional SERS substrates often lack uniformity and reproducibility across large areas.
  • Developing robust SERS platforms is essential for diverse analytical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce an innovative fabrication approach for uniform SERS substrates.
  • To address the critical barriers of uniformity and reproducibility in SERS.
  • To establish a well-characterized SERS platform for quantitative detection.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized mask-free laser-lithography to fabricate gold-coated nanowell arrays.
  • Engineered periodic arrays of sub-micron wells (500-2000 nm diameter).
  • Integrated substrates with an advanced analytical workflow for signal quantification.

Main Results:

  • Achieved spatial variations below 5% in SERS intensity across large mapping areas.
  • Demonstrated quantitative detection of benzenethiol (BT) and Rhodamine 6G (R6G).
  • Reported analytical enhancement factors of (1.00±0.01)×10^5 for BT and (3.98±0.10)×10^5 for R6G, accounting for variations.

Conclusions:

  • The developed laser-lithography approach significantly improves SERS substrate uniformity and reproducibility.
  • The platform enables reliable quantitative SERS measurements, overcoming limitations of conventional methods.
  • This work establishes a robust SERS substrate for developing future application-specific sensing protocols.