Skin Cancer in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Review

Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) experience a significantly elevated risk of skin cancer, primarily due to the immunosuppressive and carcinogenic effects of anti-rejection medications. Both incidence and mortality are substantially higher than in the general population, necessitating a tailored approach to prevention, surveillance and management. This comprehensive review synthesises the field of transplant dermatology and highlights key advancements. Recent epidemiological studies are explored, comparing incidence rates with those in the general population and other immunosuppressed groups. We also review the significance of risk factors, including those shared with the general population and those unique to SOTRs. Current prevention strategies are discussed, with a focus on the evidence behind chemoprophylactic agents. We also summarise current guidelines regarding screening and management of skin cancer in SOTRs. While the general approach to skin cancer in SOTRs has remained similar over the past decades, a broad range of consensus statements are now available, providing clearer guidance for clinicians managing these high-risk patients.