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Published on: August 20, 2013
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Long-term nano-dynamic mechanical analysis and micro-permeability of adhesive interface components using four AB-type
José Guilherme Neves1, Walleska F Liberato1, Mahmoud Sayed1
1Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Journal of Dentistry
|March 1, 2026
Summary
Plant-derived PAC-DESIGNER primers improved dentin-resin interface stability and viscoelastic properties over one year. Trimeric proanthocyanidins demonstrated superior long-term performance compared to tetrameric forms.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Dental Materials
- Polymer Chemistry
Background:
- Dentin-resin interfaces are susceptible to degradation over time.
- Proanthocyanidins (PACs) are natural polyphenols with potential biomodulatory effects.
- Optimizing the molecular structure of PAC-based primers may enhance interface stability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the long-term (1-year) biomodulatory effects of trimeric and tetrameric AB-type PAC-DESIGNER primers.
- To assess the impact of these primers on the viscoelastic properties and stability of dentin-resin components.
- To compare the performance of trimeric versus tetrameric proanthocyanidin structures.
Main Methods:
- PAC-DESIGNER primers were synthesized from Pinus massoniana and Cinnamomum verum extracts, enriched with trimeric (PM-AB, CV-AB) and tetrameric (PM-ABA, CV-ABB) proanthocyanidins.
- Adhesive interfaces were created on dentin using an etch-and-rinse protocol.
- Nano-mechanical properties (complex modulus E*, damping capacity Tan δ) and interfacial micro-permeability were assessed after immediate and 1-year aging in simulated body fluid.
- Triboindentation and fluorescent microscopy were employed for property evaluation.
Main Results:
- After 1-year aging, adhesive layers treated with CV-ABB and PM-AB primers showed significantly higher complex modulus (E*) compared to the control.
- PAC-DESIGNER primers enhanced the viscoelastic properties of the hybrid layer and underlying dentin, with trimeric compounds performing better.
- Primer application reduced interfacial micro-permeability (rhodamine infiltration) in both the hybrid layer and underlying dentin compared to the control.
Conclusions:
- AB-type PAC-DESIGNER primers effectively enhance the viscoelastic properties and long-term stability of the hybrid layer and underlying dentin.
- Trimeric proanthocyanidins exhibited superior performance over tetrameric forms, likely due to differences in molecular configuration.
- Plant-derived biomodulators show promise for stabilizing dentin-resin interfaces by improving mechanical properties and sealing capacity.
