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Screening Protocols for Identifying Palliative Care Needs in Primary Care: A Scoping Review.
Keryn Johnson1, Arjun Poudel2, Animut Alebel Ayalew1
1Palliative Care Outcomes Collaboration (K.J., A.P., A.L.A., J.T., S.H., S.C.), Australasian Health Outcomes Consortium, Faculty of Science, Medicine, and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
Journal of Pain and Symptom Management
|March 1, 2026
Summary
Implementing palliative care screening tools in primary care is challenging. Barriers include time and resources, while facilitators involve electronic health record integration and clinical champions for better patient identification.
Area of Science:
- Primary Care Research
- Implementation Science
- Palliative Care Medicine
Background:
- Early identification of palliative care needs in primary care is crucial.
- Screening tool implementation faces consistent challenges and inconsistencies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify screening tool protocols for early palliative care needs in primary care.
- To describe enablers and barriers influencing tool uptake and integration.
- To map methodologies, theoretical frameworks, and screening measures used.
Main Methods:
- Scoping review following the Arksey and O'Malley framework.
- Literature search across MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, and Cochrane databases (Jan 2015-Mar 2025).
- Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CIFR) used for barrier/facilitator synthesis.
Main Results:
- 25 studies included from 3,140 identified articles.
- Barriers: time constraints, perceived value, resources, communication, funding, attitudes.
- Facilitators: EHR integration, clinical champions, reframing palliative care, defined roles, training.
Conclusions:
- Primary care palliative care screening tool implementation is complex.
- Contextual, organizational, and individual factors pose challenges.
- Tailored, context-sensitive strategies with interprofessional communication and implementation science principles are essential for successful integration.
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