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Evaluation of Microbial Safety of Dairies using Bacterial Proteomic Profiling via MALDI Approach

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Chloramphenicol Contamination in Milk: Measurement, Methods, and Regulatory: A Systematic Review.

Bahare Mohamadi¹, Behrouz Akbari-Adergani², Narges Velayati¹

¹Student's Scientific Research Center, Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Journal of Food Protection

|March 1, 2026

Summary

Chloramphenicol (CAP) antibiotic residues are found in milk despite bans, posing food safety risks. Advanced methods like LC-MS/MS are crucial for detecting CAP and ensuring regulatory compliance in dairy products.

Keywords:

Antibiotic Chloramphenicol Milk Residue

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Area of Science:

Food Safety
Analytical Chemistry
Veterinary Pharmacology

Background:

Chloramphenicol (CAP) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used in human and veterinary medicine.
Due to severe adverse effects, including aplastic anemia, CAP use in food-producing animals is banned in many countries.
Despite bans, CAP residues are detected in milk, creating food safety and regulatory concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review the presence of Chloramphenicol (CAP) in milk.
To evaluate analytical methods for CAP detection in milk.
To assess regulatory limits for CAP in dairy products.

Main Methods:

A systematic literature search was conducted, identifying 918 studies.
27 studies met the inclusion criteria for the review.
Common detection methods included LC-MS/MS, HPLC, and ELISA, with LC-MS/MS showing superior sensitivity and accuracy.

Main Results:

55.5% of reviewed studies reported no detectable CAP residues.
Other studies indicated varying levels of CAP, with some exceeding established regulatory limits.
Analytical techniques like LC-MS/MS, HPLC, and ELISA are widely used for CAP detection in milk.

Conclusions:

The presence of CAP residues in milk remains a significant challenge, necessitating robust monitoring.
Stringent regulatory enforcement is crucial to mitigate food safety risks.
Further research should focus on enhancing detection methods and assessing public health impacts of CAP contamination.