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Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 3, 2026

Employing Pressurized Hot Water Extraction PHWE to Explore Natural Products Chemistry in the Undergraduate Laboratory
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Employing Pressurized Hot Water Extraction PHWE to Explore Natural Products Chemistry in the Undergraduate Laboratory

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Oleoresin Extraction from Zingiber officinale Using Hot Compressed Water Extraction.

Syahrul Affandi Saidi1, Mohd Al Hafiz Mohd Nawi2, Nik Muhammad Azhar Nik Daud3

  • 1Faculty of Electrical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600 Arau, Perlis, MALAYSIA.

Journal of Oleo Science
|March 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hot compressed water extraction (HCWE) offers a faster, solvent-free alternative for ginger extract production. This green method significantly reduces processing time while enabling temperature-controlled selectivity for bioactive compounds.

Keywords:
6-gingerol6-shogaolgreen processoleoresin like extractselective extraction

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Area of Science:

  • Food Science and Technology
  • Phytochemistry
  • Green Chemistry

Background:

  • Traditional ginger extraction methods like solvent extraction and hydro-distillation have limitations including organic solvent use, long processing times, and poor selectivity.
  • There is a need for efficient, sustainable, and selective extraction techniques for ginger bioactive compounds for functional food applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate hot compressed water extraction (HCWE) as an alternative method for ginger extraction.
  • To compare HCWE performance against conventional solvent extraction regarding yield, physical characteristics, and key bioactive compound concentrations (6-gingerol, 6-shogaol, 10-gingerol).

Main Methods:

  • Hot compressed water extraction (HCWE) was performed at 3.5 MPa and temperatures ranging from 130°C to 200°C.
  • Conventional solvent extraction was used as a benchmark.
  • High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was employed to quantify gingerol and shogaol isomers in the extracts.

Main Results:

  • HCWE at 140°C yielded significantly more extract (10.37%) in less time (30 min) compared to solvent extraction (7.57% in 480 min).
  • HCWE demonstrated temperature-dependent selectivity: 170°C favored 6-shogaol (1135.23 µg/g) over 6-gingerol (851.95 µg/g), while lower temperatures yielded more 6-gingerol.
  • Higher temperatures (>170°C) led to significant degradation of bioactive compounds, reducing extract quality.

Conclusions:

  • HCWE is a rapid, organic solvent-free method for ginger extraction, reducing processing time by over 80% compared to solvent extraction.
  • The process offers tunable, temperature-driven selectivity for specific ginger bioactive compounds.
  • HCWE shows significant potential as a sustainable and efficient technology for industrial-scale phytochemical extraction and functional food ingredient production.