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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...
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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Marginal Metals and Kosterlitz-Thouless-Type Phase Transition in Disordered Altermagnets.

Chang-An Li1,2, Bo Fu3, Huaiming Guo4

  • 1Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China.

Physical Review Letters
|March 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Disorder drives a phase transition in two-dimensional d-wave altermagnets, shifting them from a metallic state to an insulator. This transition, characterized by vortex-antivortex pairs, impacts altermagnetism

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Magnetism

Background:

  • Altermagnetism is a novel magnetic phase with spin-split bands but no net magnetization.
  • Its stability against material disorder is crucial for practical applications but poorly understood.
  • Two-dimensional (2D) d-wave altermagnets are a key system for studying these properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of disorder on electron localization in 2D d-wave altermagnets.
  • To identify potential phase transitions induced by disorder.
  • To understand how disorder affects the characteristic spin anisotropy and observable features of altermagnets.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations were employed to study electron localization.
  • Analysis focused on the properties of 2D d-wave altermagnets subjected to disorder.
  • The study examined the transition from a metallic to an insulating phase.

Main Results:

  • A disorder-driven phase transition from a marginal metallic phase to an insulator was discovered.
  • This transition belongs to the Kosterlitz-Thouless universality class.
  • The transition is interpreted via vortex-antivortex pairs in local spin magnetization, with persisting but fading spin anisotropy.

Conclusions:

  • Disorder can induce a significant phase transition in 2D d-wave altermagnets.
  • The findings offer a new framework for understanding experimental observations in altermagnetic materials.
  • The study highlights the complex interplay between disorder and altermagnetic properties.