AI-driven, low-cost aids for people with visual impairment

The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into mainstream consumer devices has created new opportunities for accessible, low-cost support for individuals with visual impairment. This review examines emerging AI-driven tools that repurpose common hardware - such as smartphones and smart glasses - to deliver assistive functions traditionally reliant on costly, specialized devices.

Three representative technologies illustrate this shift: Ray-Ban × Meta smart glasses offering hands-free scene interpretation; Apple's iPhone Magnifier app with LiDAR-based Detection Mode providing spatial awareness and text recognition; and the Be My Eyes platform with its AI-powered virtual assistant enabling autonomous image interpretation. These tools emphasize affordability, discreet design, and seamless integration into daily life. Although widely adopted in real-world settings, formal clinical evaluation remains limited, with gaps in evidence regarding functional outcomes, safety, and performance across diverse environments. Online user-generated content has become a prominent source of practical guidance, often outpacing peer-reviewed research.

AI-enabled consumer devices are reshaping assistive technology by lowering financial barriers and enhancing usability. Clinicians should be aware of these rapidly evolving tools as patients increasingly adopt them independently. Rigorous studies are needed to assess their clinical impact, guide safe use, and inform integration into vision rehabilitation practice.